Patient Information

Haemorrhoids (Piles)

Haemorrhoids, also known as piles, are very common. They are enlarged blood vessels in and around the back passage (anus). Many people will experience them at some stage in their life.

What are Haemorrhoids?

Haemorrhoids can occur inside the anus (internal haemorrhoids) or around the outside edge (external haemorrhoids). They are extremely common and in many cases cause no symptoms at all. When they do cause symptoms, these are usually manageable with simple treatment.

Common Symptoms

—Bright red bleeding when opening the bowels

—Itching or irritation around the anus

—A feeling of fullness or swelling

—Mucus discharge or difficulty cleaning after opening the bowels

—Discomfort or pain, particularly if a haemorrhoid becomes thrombosed (contains a blood clot)

—Prolapse, where haemorrhoids protrude outside the anus during bowel motions

Important: Although haemorrhoids are a common cause of rectal bleeding, persistent bleeding, change in bowel habit, weight loss, anaemia, or a family history of bowel cancer may require further investigation.

Self-Help & Home Treatment

Many haemorrhoids improve with simple measures aimed at reducing straining and irritation:

·Avoid straining or prolonged sitting on the toilet

·Aim for soft, regular stools — increase fluid and fibre intake

·Warm baths or showers during flare-ups

·Simple pain relief such as paracetamol or ibuprofen

·Topical pharmacy treatments for short-term symptom relief

Outpatient Treatment

Rubber Band Ligation (Banding)

The most common outpatient treatment for internal haemorrhoids. A small rubber band is placed around the base of the haemorrhoid, cutting off its blood supply so it shrinks and falls away.

·Takes only a few minutes

·Performed in clinic — no anaesthetic required

·Most patients return to normal activities within a day or two

·Around 70% experience significant improvement

Surgical Options

Haemorrhoidectomy

Surgical removal of haemorrhoids. The most effective treatment for large or advanced haemorrhoids with the lowest recurrence rate. Usually a day case under general anaesthetic; recovery takes 2–4 weeks.

Haemorrhoidal Artery Ligation (HAL)

A less invasive option. Blood vessels supplying the haemorrhoids are tied off, allowing them to shrink. Quicker recovery and less pain than haemorrhoidectomy, particularly suited to prolapsing internal haemorrhoids.

When to Seek Medical Advice

—Persistent or heavy bleeding

—Severe pain or swelling

—A significant change in bowel habit

—Unexplained weight loss

—Symptoms that don't improve with simple treatment

—Recurrent symptoms affecting quality of life

Ready to discuss your symptoms?

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